Waterproofing is the process during building construction which is executed to prevent water from entering the structure. It is done in the areas where good amount of water comes in contact like terrace, toilet and bathrooms, balcony, underground water tanks, basements etc. It is very important for the building structure that which is in wet environment or underground structures to specific depths which protects structures from water seepage and increases the life span of building. In this article you will gain some basic knowledge about waterproofing so that you can have a easy discussion with experts during waterproofing.
Waterproofing of the building structures are done using various types of membrane and coatings explained below for the protection of the building structures and its integrity. Generally, roofing materials are designed to be waterproof but in case of ice damming and on flat roofs waterproofing must be done to completely prevent leaks and damages. This highlights the necessity of specialized and tailored waterproofing techniques to specific building requirements.
Talking about the recent times, waterproofing has evolved into a highly specialized and sophisticated area within the construction. The process of waterproofing is being effectives day by day due to the advancement of materials and waterproofing methods. The advancement of waterproofing has also helped in pushing boundaries of design and functionality ensuring their safety, durability and resilient against water related challenges.
Importance of waterproofing in building construction
The waterproofing plays the vital and very crucial role in the protection of buildings from liquids from external factors. Without proper waterproofing, building can be seriously damaged from the foundation to superstructures. Which may lead to costly repairs and compromise the structural integrity of the building.
Beside preventing seepage of water, waterproofing also helps in reducing humidity in the building leading to comfortable living or working environment. By preventing humidity and water vapor waterproofing also protects the objects inside the building which may be of great value to the users.
Waterproofing also helps in reducing in moisture content in the air which will improve the quality of air. It prevents the risk of growth of mold and other allergens, which can lead to respiratory issues and other health problems. Thus, waterproofing not only enhances the durability and comfort of a building but also contributes to the overall health and well-being of its occupants.
Where should the waterproofing should be done in building during construction
For safety and long life of building waterproofing should be done in various locations of building where water can affect the building structure. The key locations where water can penetrate the building and effect it’s health and terraces, flat and slope roofs, toilets, basements, foundations and underground water tank. Waterproofing should be done very carefully in all of these locations so as to increase the life span and safety of the building.
Another important aspect of waterproofing is damp proofing which is mostly done in masonry walls and foundations. Damp proofing is done in masonry walls to prevent rising damp while foundations should either be done damp proofing or waterproofing. Waterproofing of foundation can be done using methods discussed below to protect the damage of foundations from water.
Another important location for waterproofing in building are balconies and decks. They should be waterproofed properly so as to prevent damage done by water seepage and to maintain the stability and safety of these spaces.
Types of waterproofing
Water proofing in building is done using different kinds materials and methods tailored to specific needs and condition of building. So as to solve the waterproofing problems of the buildings, one must be able to select the most appropriate solution as per the condition of the building. The primary categories of waterproofing are:
- Cement based waterproofing
- Liquid waterproofing membrane
- Membrane waterproofing
Each of the waterproofing methods mentioned above have their own unique traits and is suitable for particular application within the building from foundation to roof. By using the right method in right place buildings and structures can be long lasting, safe and comfortable for its occupants. Above mentioned waterproofing methods are explained in detail:
1. Cement based waterproofing
Cement based waterproofing is a very popular method of waterproofing due to its ease of application, low cost and effectiveness against water infiltration. In this method cement is mixed with waterproofing material in a fixed ratio to create a paste like material and applied on the surface where waterproofing is necessary. When dried, it forms a protective layer which resist water penetration in the structure. This method is ideal for areas with high water exposure such as toilets and bathrooms.
Although cement-based waterproofing has significant benefits they may face challenges over time. The factors like fluctuation in temperature and setting of building foundation can cause cement based waterproofing layer to crack or shrink and loose its effectiveness. However, if applied correctly, it can be proved durable barrier against water seepage and safety of building.
Cost effectiveness is one of the notable advantages of cement-based waterproofing. Along with affordability, it also provides protection against chemical damage and adverse weather conditions making it suitable for diverse application. If done properly, cement-based waterproofing can be reliable waterproofing solution for safety of building along with durability and cost efficiency.
2. Liquid waterproofing membrane
Liquid waterproofing membrane is one of the versatile methods which is applied in three coats namely primer coat and tow additional coat by using spray, brush, roller or trowel. This method of water proofing is very effective for locations with high water exposure, such as bathrooms and basements and offers effective protection against moisture and moisture. The chemical composition of liquid waterproofing membrane includes resins, polymers and additives and are applied using one of the methods mentioned above to create a strong barrier against water ingress.
One must consider several factors like location of waterproofing like internal or external, the size of area coverage, exposure to UV rays and type of traffic. Another important factor to consider is the nature of substrate such as soil, sand, gravel or wood. Liquid waterproofing membrane are of following types
2.1. Water or acrylic based membrane
2.2. Polyurethane (PU) membrane
2.3. Bituminous liquid waterproofing membrane
Each of the above-mentioned types are designed for specific condition of building and we will suggest you to take expert advice before selection of any types as selection of wrong product and method can result in serious damage to building or structure through water and moisture ingress. Now let us give you some information about above mentioned types
2.1. Water or acrylic based membrane
Water or acrylic based membrane is one of the versatile solutions for waterproofing which offers a very good protection against water infiltration and environment factors. This is ideal for the locations like roofs, balconies, decks, kitchen, bathrooms and showers due to its composition which consist of acrylic polymers and additives which provides a best protection against water infiltration and UV radiation. This type of waterproofing is durable and long lasting due to their ability to withstand to sunlight, rain, and other weather conditions.
One of the main reasons you can choose this method is its compatibility with a wide range of surfaces including concrete, wood and metal. This method of waterproofing is very popular among builders and developers due to tis versatility of application on the surfaces. However, this method may not be suitable to the surfaces with heavy traffic additionally they have lower tolerance to water ponding when in prolonged contact with standing water, which can lead to premature degradation over time.
In conclusion, water or acrylic-based liquid waterproofing membranes offer a balance of durability, versatility, and cost-effectiveness, making them a popular choice for a wide range of construction applications. By understanding their characteristics and limitations, builders can make informed decisions to ensure optimal performance and long-term protection against water-related issues in their projects
2.2 Polyurethane (PU) membrane
Polyurethane (PU) membranes is emerging as one of the preferred choices for various construction projects. Due to its remarkable elasticity, PU membrane can handle both positive and negative hydrostatic pressure providing protection against water ingress even in challenging environments. This type of waterproofing is particularly used in foundations to make them water tight, which makes foundation capable of protecting foundations during flooding and heavy rain.
Another remarkable feature of PU membrane is its ability to resist environmental factors which includes sunlight and chemicals. Regardless to its application to the surfaces like roofs, balconies, foundations etc. it resists water ingress making them durable and safe for prolonged period of time. As it as it sounds, PU membrane requires an expertise and insurance of correct installation. Incorrect installation and low quality manpower can significantly impact its capability of protection of water resulting in compromise of building safety and durability.
Along with its advantage, PU membrane has some disadvantages. One of the major disadvantages is it’s longer curing time compare to it's alternatives which can lengthen the project timeline. Another major disadvantage is the requirement of adequate ventilation during its application as they may emit bad odors during its installation. However, these challenges can be managed properly with the help of proper planning, safety tools and expert advice.
In essence, polyurethane membranes stand as versatile solutions for waterproofing applications, offering unparalleled elasticity, durability, and resistance to environmental elements. By leveraging their exceptional properties and addressing associated challenges with care and expertise, builders and contractors can ensure effective waterproofing solutions that withstand the test of time, safeguarding structures against water-related issues and enhancing their longevity.
2.3. Bituminous liquid waterproofing membrane
Bituminous liquid waterproofing membrane has standout offering blend of resilience, versatility and durability during and after its application. This type of waterproofing solution is made by blending bitumen and other materials like polyester or fiberglass and other additive resisting water ingress and making them ideal solution for the safety of structure from moisture related issues.
One of the features which has made it popular is its versatility. They can be applied to wide range of surfaces including concrete, metal or wood in construction projects. Along with its versatility, bituminous membrane has been proved to be effective in waterproofing foundations of the building and structures against water ingress and structural integrity.
Along with building, it can also be used in specialized construction projects like tunnels and the lining of liquid retentive tanks. The main reason for its use is its self-healing properties, it may be a small punctures or cracks can selfheal over time improving the lifespan of structures.
Bituminous liquid waterproofing membrane can be one of the best choice due to its quality of thermal resistance, capability of withstanding high temperatures without softening or melting. However, this type of waterproofing requires expert manpower with specialize and complex process which involves surface preparation, heating and melting the material, as well as applying specific layers.
Another challenge may be the appropriate maintaining temperature during installation process. Additionally, strong odors during installation can be another challenge and will require adequate ventilation for a safe working environment.
Bituminous liquid waterproofing membrane can be applied in the areas like foundations, cellars, basements bathrooms, kitchens and toilets. Due to its weak resistance against sunlight exposure, it’s use is limited to below ground surface like foundation.
3. Membrane waterproofing
Membrane waterproofing is one of the versatile and effective waterproofing solution during construction. Due to ease of use and price, membrane waterproofing is used in roof insulation application, providing reliable protection against moisture infiltration while offering cost-effective solutions.
The feature for which it is choosing for waterproofing is its exceptional adhesion to surfaces which is carried out by using a torch flame source. This ensures the safety and durability of structure making it safe from water ingress.
]Membrane waterproofing materials are available in rolls and can be of different thickness which can be used for specific requirements of each application. Due to these feature they can be applied in the areas like terraces, sloping roofs, balconies, flower beds, terrace gardens, basement walls, sewage treatment plants, water tanks, ponds, swimming pools, ornamental pools, ensuring long-lasting durability and resilience against water-related issues.
Our suggestions
- Waterproofing is very important for the structures which comes in contact with good amount of water like terrace, toilet and bathrooms, balcony, underground water tanks, basements etc.
- Waterproofing not only enhances the durability and comfort of a building but also contributes to the overall health and wellbeing of its occupants by contributing in improvement of the quality of air by preventing the growth of mold and other allergens.
- Waterproofing is compulsory in terraces, flat and slope roofs, balcony, decks, toilets, basements, foundations and underground water tank.
- Method and materials of waterproofing should be chosen on the basis of location, problem and type of structure. So, we suggest you to take the expert advice before carrying out waterproofing work.
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